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The Buckeye gasoline buggy or Lambert gasoline buggy was the first practical gasoline automobile available for sale in America,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Anderson’s Automobile Age )〕 according to automobile historians.〔Bailey, pp 342 ''As an automotive historian, I have always been intrigued with the adventure, though clouded and somewhat frusted at times, as to who was the very first to produce a gasoline automobile for sale in the United States. One of the objectives of our society's publication, the ANTIQUE AUTOMOBILE, is to unearth undiscovered and unpublished automotive history. The controversial dispute between the Duryea brothers, the myriad of other independent claims by various one-of-a-kind automobile inventors, plus the extreme difficulty of obtaining complete records on some 300 horseless carriages that were constructed up to 1895 makes the road of research almost as impassable as the main street of Ohio City where, in 1891, Lambert drove his first automobile. It has taken almost five years to ferret out substantial evidence in order to enter a claim for America's first automobile on behalf of John William Lambert.''〕 ==History== John William Lambert made America's first such automobile in 1891,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Famous Automobile Makers )〕 according to a five-year extensive study〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= John W. Lambert built one of America's first successful automobiles in 1891 )〕〔Encyclopædia Britannica, ''The magazine Antique Automobile, after five years of investigation, announced its conviction that the Duryea Brothers had not been the first United States internal combustion automobile, and that this distinction should be assigned to a car built in 1890 and run in 1891 by John William Lambert of Ohio City, Ohio.''〕 by L. Scott Bailey, a well-known automobile historian, editor, and publisher.〔Bailey, p. 341–345〕 The study found substantial evidence to enter this claim on Lambert's behalf.〔Scharchburg, p. 22 ''To L. Scott Bailey, well-known historian, editor, and publisher, belongs the credit for collecting and publishing the evidence that relates to the 1891 Lambert automobile. His findings were published in 1960 "Antique Automobile" after nearly five years research.〕 The evidence from Bailey's study shows that Lambert designed, built, and ran a gasoline engine automobile in the early part of 1891 that he put on the market.〔Huffman, Wallace Spencer, ''Indiana's Place in Automobile History'', "Indiana History Bulletin", vol. 44, no. 2, Feb. 1967, p. 12; Indianapolis, Indiana Historical Bureau. ''John W. Lambert has been credited with making a gasoline powered automobile as early as 1891, which he drove in Ohio City, Ohio.''〕〔Anderson Sunday Herald newspaper; Anderson, Indiana; November 16, 1958 ''In 1891 John Lambert, as an experiment and for amusement, built and operated a gasoline car in Ohio City, Ohio. The experimental car was more a buggy than automobile, but it was propelled by a gasoline engine.''〕 It shows that neither Henry Ford nor the Duryea Brothers have the distinction of building the first such practical working internal combustion gasoline engine automobile in the United States.〔The Daily Chronicle, Centralia, Washington dated Friday, December 24, 1976, page 8. ''"The heart of free enterprise". The history of the development of the automobile is the history of business innovators in our society, pioneers on a technological frontier. One of these pioneers, whose story should be more widely known, is John William Lambert of Ohio. Though the Duryea Brothers are usually credited with building the first successful automobile, John Lambert was driving a gasoline-powered automobile on the main street of Ohio City, Ohio — a year earlier than the Duryeas produced their vehicle.''〕〔James, p. 6 ''Ford, in fact, stood well behind in the race to produce the first successful automobile. John W. Lambert of Ohio had already been driving his three-wheeled, gas-powered car back in 1891; Charles and Frank Duryea built their first car in 1893 and won America's first automobile race in Chicago in 1895; Elwood Haynes drove his vehicle in 1894, and Charles B. King of Detroit was seen driving his in 1896, six months before Henry's car was ready.''〕 In Europe Carl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler produced the first gasoline automobiles in 1885/1886.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Automobile History - Famous Automobile Makers )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= The History of the First Cars )〕 The Duryea brothers made their automobile in 1893 and started the Duryea Motor Wagon Company in 1895 mass-producing cars.〔 Henry Ford started mass-producing cars in 1899 at the Detroit Automobile Company. Lambert initially designed and built his "horseless carriage" gasoline automobile in 1890.〔Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 1968, Volume 2, p. 867 ''The magazine "Antique Automobile", after five years of investigation, announced its conviction that the Duryea Brothers had not been the first United States internal combustion automobile, and that this distinction should be assigned to a car built in 1890 and run in 1891 by John William Lambert of Ohio City, Ohio.''〕 He successfully tested it in January 1891 inside an farm implement showroom he owned in Ohio City, Ohio.〔Madden, p. 2 ''L. Scott Bailey, the respected former editor of "Automobile Quarterly", declared in a 1960 article that the Lambert built by John William Lambert in 1891 in Ohio City, Ohio, was the first practical, working automobile built in the United States. While the Lambert effort was not documented prior to its use, it is better documented by other means than most early automobiles.''〕 Lambert's three-wheeled surrey-top gasoline-powered buggy was his own design. It had a single cylinder, four-stroke engine. This, the Buckeye gasoline buggy, was a one-seat tricycle with large rear wheels.〔Clymer, Floyd. ''Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877–1925'' (New York: Bonanza Books, 1950), p.6.〕 Lambert designed a sales brochures advertising its specifications in January 1891. He mailed this brochure out to prospects in the first part of February 1891 with a price of $550.〔Kimes, p. 835〕 Later in the month of February 1891 he was running his automobile〔Anderson Sunday Herald newspaper; Anderson, Indiana; November 16, 1958 ''In 1891 John Lambert built and operated a gasoline car in Ohio City, Ohio. The experimental car was more a buggy than automobile, but it was propelled by a gasoline engine.''〕 on the main street of Ohio City.〔Bailey, p. 343 ''Lambert was convinced that he had a workable engine to power his three-wheel carriage and he set forth specifications and a price of $550 in a sales brochure which was mailed during the first part of February of 1891. Later that month, the automobile was running with the new stirrup-type steering on the main street of Ohio City.〕 Bailey points out there are several letters on file dated in the latter part of February and the early part of March 1891 requesting additional information on this "horseless carriage" that Lambert described in the brochure. Other letters of inquire continued, however Lambert ultimately was not able to sell any.〔Bailey, p. 343 ''It is interesting to record that several letters are on file dated in the latter part of February and early March of 1891 requesting additional information on the Lambert car. Although the letters of inquiry continued, no sales contracts were signed for the Lambert. Lambert soon realized that there was no sales potential for his automobile.''〕 This first model had a wipe spark ignition and dry cell batteries. The automobile had two speeds forward and none going backwards. A hand steering device was added later when the automobile was used outside on the roads. The weight of the car was 585 pounds. It had wooden wheels with steel rims for extra wear. The carburetor was a surface vaporizer with a flexible diaphragm "compensator." This was patented by Lambert on May 17, 1902. The original model cost Lambert $3200. In 1904 it was lost in a fire when a grain elevator building that he was having remodeled burned to the ground.〔Dolnar, vol.10, Jan. 1906, p. 225〕 In 1892 Lambert decided to manufacture stationary gasoline engines. He moved to Anderson, Indiana, and there started Buckeye Manufacturing Company. In that same year he announced he would "soon have a gasoline vehicle on the market" to be called the Buckeye. He sent a picture to the newspapers, which was of the Buckeye gasoline buggy he made in 1891. This endeavor also did not come to fruition. Instead he continued experimentation and devised the friction gearing disk drive transmission. He invented and developed a friction transmission that would be the key feature on all of his future automobiles he would make. Lambert's first model design of 1891 was eventually modified and developed into the Union automobile which first was sold in 1902.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Buckeye gasoline buggy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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